使用 RNN 生成文本

QUEENE:
I had thought thou hadst a Roman; for the oracle,
Thus by All bids the man against the word,
Which are so weak of care, by old care done;
Your children were in your holy love,
And the precipitation through the bleeding throne.

BISHOP OF ELY:
Marry, and will, my lord, to weep in such a one were prettiest;
Yet now I was adopted heir
Of the world's lamentable day,
To watch the next way with his father with his face?

ESCALUS:
The cause why then we are all resolved more sons.

VOLUMNIA:
O, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, it is no sin it should be dead,
And love and pale as any will to that word.

QUEEN ELIZABETH:
But how long have I heard the soul for this world,
And show his hands of life be proved to stand.

PETRUCHIO:
I say he look'd on, if I must be content
To stay him from the fatal of our country's bliss.
His lordship pluck'd from this sentence then for prey,
And then let us twain, being the moon,
were she such a case as fills m

import tensorflow as tf

import numpy as np
import os
import time

path_to_file = tf.keras.utils.get_file('shakespeare.txt', 'https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/shakespeare.txt')

# Read, then decode for py2 compat.
text = open(path_to_file, 'rb').read().decode(encoding='utf-8')
# length of text is the number of characters in it
print(f'Length of text: {len(text)} characters')

# Take a look at the first 250 characters in text
print(text[:250])

# The unique characters in the file
vocab = sorted(set(text))
print(f'{len(vocab)} unique characters')

example_texts = ['abcdefg', 'xyz']

chars = tf.strings.unicode_split(example_texts, input_encoding='UTF-8')
chars

ids_from_chars = tf.keras.layers.StringLookup(
    vocabulary=list(vocab), mask_token=None)

ids = ids_from_chars(chars)
ids

chars_from_ids = tf.keras.layers.StringLookup(
    vocabulary=ids_from_chars.get_vocabulary(), invert=True, mask_token=None)

chars = chars_from_ids(ids)
chars

tf.strings.reduce_join(chars, axis=-1).numpy()

def text_from_ids(ids):
  return tf.strings.reduce_join(chars_from_ids(ids), axis=-1)

all_ids = ids_from_chars(tf.strings.unicode_split(text, 'UTF-8'))
all_ids

ids_dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(all_ids)

for ids in ids_dataset.take(10):
    print(chars_from_ids(ids).numpy().decode('utf-8'))

seq_length = 100

sequences = ids_dataset.batch(seq_length+1, drop_remainder=True)

for seq in sequences.take(1):
  print(chars_from_ids(seq))

for seq in sequences.take(5):
  print(text_from_ids(seq).numpy())

def split_input_target(sequence):
    input_text = sequence[:-1]
    target_text = sequence[1:]
    return input_text, target_text

split_input_target(list("Tensorflow"))

dataset = sequences.map(split_input_target)

for input_example, target_example in dataset.take(1):
    print("Input :", text_from_ids(input_example).numpy())
    print("Target:", text_from_ids(target_example).numpy())

# Batch size
BATCH_SIZE = 64

# Buffer size to shuffle the dataset
# (TF data is designed to work with possibly infinite sequences,
# so it doesn't attempt to shuffle the entire sequence in memory. Instead,
# it maintains a buffer in which it shuffles elements).
BUFFER_SIZE = 10000

dataset = (
    dataset
    .shuffle(BUFFER_SIZE)
    .batch(BATCH_SIZE, drop_remainder=True)
    .prefetch(tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE))

dataset

# Length of the vocabulary in StringLookup Layer
vocab_size = len(ids_from_chars.get_vocabulary())

# The embedding dimension
embedding_dim = 256

# Number of RNN units
rnn_units = 1024

class MyModel(tf.keras.Model):
  def __init__(self, vocab_size, embedding_dim, rnn_units):
    super().__init__(self)
    self.embedding = tf.keras.layers.Embedding(vocab_size, embedding_dim)
    self.gru = tf.keras.layers.GRU(rnn_units,
                                   return_sequences=True,
                                   return_state=True)
    self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(vocab_size)

  def call(self, inputs, states=None, return_state=False, training=False):
    x = inputs
    x = self.embedding(x, training=training)
    if states is None:
      states = self.gru.get_initial_state(x)
    x, states = self.gru(x, initial_state=states, training=training)
    x = self.dense(x, training=training)

    if return_state:
      return x, states
    else:
      return x

model = MyModel(
    vocab_size=vocab_size,
    embedding_dim=embedding_dim,
    rnn_units=rnn_units)

for input_example_batch, target_example_batch in dataset.take(1):
    example_batch_predictions = model(input_example_batch)
    print(example_batch_predictions.shape, "# (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size)")

model.summary()

sampled_indices = tf.random.categorical(example_batch_predictions[0], num_samples=1)
sampled_indices = tf.squeeze(sampled_indices, axis=-1).numpy()

sampled_indices

print("Input:\n", text_from_ids(input_example_batch[0]).numpy())
print()
print("Next Char Predictions:\n", text_from_ids(sampled_indices).numpy())

loss = tf.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)

example_batch_mean_loss = loss(target_example_batch, example_batch_predictions)
print("Prediction shape: ", example_batch_predictions.shape, " # (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size)")
print("Mean loss:        ", example_batch_mean_loss)

tf.exp(example_batch_mean_loss).numpy()

model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss=loss)

# Directory where the checkpoints will be saved
checkpoint_dir = './training_checkpoints'
# Name of the checkpoint files
checkpoint_prefix = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "ckpt_{epoch}")

checkpoint_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(
    filepath=checkpoint_prefix,
    save_weights_only=True)

EPOCHS = 20

history = model.fit(dataset, epochs=EPOCHS, callbacks=[checkpoint_callback])

class OneStep(tf.keras.Model):
  def __init__(self, model, chars_from_ids, ids_from_chars, temperature=1.0):
    super().__init__()
    self.temperature = temperature
    self.model = model
    self.chars_from_ids = chars_from_ids
    self.ids_from_chars = ids_from_chars

    # Create a mask to prevent "[UNK]" from being generated.
    skip_ids = self.ids_from_chars(['[UNK]'])[:, None]
    sparse_mask = tf.SparseTensor(
        # Put a -inf at each bad index.
        values=[-float('inf')]*len(skip_ids),
        indices=skip_ids,
        # Match the shape to the vocabulary
        dense_shape=[len(ids_from_chars.get_vocabulary())])
    self.prediction_mask = tf.sparse.to_dense(sparse_mask)

  @tf.function
  def generate_one_step(self, inputs, states=None):
    # Convert strings to token IDs.
    input_chars = tf.strings.unicode_split(inputs, 'UTF-8')
    input_ids = self.ids_from_chars(input_chars).to_tensor()

    # Run the model.
    # predicted_logits.shape is [batch, char, next_char_logits]
    predicted_logits, states = self.model(inputs=input_ids, states=states,
                                          return_state=True)
    # Only use the last prediction.
    predicted_logits = predicted_logits[:, -1, :]
    predicted_logits = predicted_logits/self.temperature
    # Apply the prediction mask: prevent "[UNK]" from being generated.
    predicted_logits = predicted_logits + self.prediction_mask

    # Sample the output logits to generate token IDs.
    predicted_ids = tf.random.categorical(predicted_logits, num_samples=1)
    predicted_ids = tf.squeeze(predicted_ids, axis=-1)

    # Convert from token ids to characters
    predicted_chars = self.chars_from_ids(predicted_ids)

    # Return the characters and model state.
    return predicted_chars, states

one_step_model = OneStep(model, chars_from_ids, ids_from_chars)

start = time.time()
states = None
next_char = tf.constant(['ROMEO:'])
result = [next_char]

for n in range(1000):
  next_char, states = one_step_model.generate_one_step(next_char, states=states)
  result.append(next_char)

result = tf.strings.join(result)
end = time.time()
print(result[0].numpy().decode('utf-8'), '\n\n' + '_'*80)
print('\nRun time:', end - start)

start = time.time()
states = None
next_char = tf.constant(['ROMEO:', 'ROMEO:', 'ROMEO:', 'ROMEO:', 'ROMEO:'])
result = [next_char]

for n in range(1000):
  next_char, states = one_step_model.generate_one_step(next_char, states=states)
  result.append(next_char)

result = tf.strings.join(result)
end = time.time()
print(result, '\n\n' + '_'*80)
print('\nRun time:', end - start)

tf.saved_model.save(one_step_model, 'one_step')
one_step_reloaded = tf.saved_model.load('one_step')

states = None
next_char = tf.constant(['ROMEO:'])
result = [next_char]

for n in range(100):
  next_char, states = one_step_reloaded.generate_one_step(next_char, states=states)
  result.append(next_char)

print(tf.strings.join(result)[0].numpy().decode("utf-8"))

class CustomTraining(MyModel):
  @tf.function
  def train_step(self, inputs):
      inputs, labels = inputs
      with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
          predictions = self(inputs, training=True)
          loss = self.loss(labels, predictions)
      grads = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables)
      self.optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_variables))

      return {'loss': loss}

model = CustomTraining(
    vocab_size=len(ids_from_chars.get_vocabulary()),
    embedding_dim=embedding_dim,
    rnn_units=rnn_units)

model.compile(optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(),
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True))

model.fit(dataset, epochs=1)

EPOCHS = 10

mean = tf.metrics.Mean()

for epoch in range(EPOCHS):
    start = time.time()

    mean.reset_states()
    for (batch_n, (inp, target)) in enumerate(dataset):
        logs = model.train_step([inp, target])
        mean.update_state(logs['loss'])

        if batch_n % 50 == 0:
            template = f"Epoch {epoch+1} Batch {batch_n} Loss {logs['loss']:.4f}"
            print(template)

    # saving (checkpoint) the model every 5 epochs
    if (epoch + 1) % 5 == 0:
        model.save_weights(checkpoint_prefix.format(epoch=epoch))

    print()
    print(f'Epoch {epoch+1} Loss: {mean.result().numpy():.4f}')
    print(f'Time taken for 1 epoch {time.time() - start:.2f} sec')
    print("_"*80)

model.save_weights(checkpoint_prefix.format(epoch=epoch))